Roll-on/roll-off (RORO) refers to a method used in the shipping industry to load and unload cargo which is on wheels, such as cars, trucks, semi-trailer trucks, trailers, and railroad cars. The vehicles are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels or using a platform vehicle, such as a self-propelled modular transporter. This is in contrast to lift-on/lift-off (LOLO) vessels, which use a crane to load and unload cargo.
How RORO Works
A RORO vessel is designed with built-in ramps that allow the cargo to be “rolled on” at the origin and “rolled off” at the destination. These ramps can be stern-only, bow-only, or both, depending on the ship’s design. The main deck and ramps of a RORO ship are wide and free from obstructions, and these ships often have multiple decks to maximise space.
Advantages of RORO Shipping
- Speed: Loading and unloading cargo through RORO is faster than traditional cargo handling methods. Vehicles can drive straight on or off the ship without the need for cranes.
- Safety: Handling cargo is safer with the RORO method as the risk of damaging goods is reduced when cargo is not lifted but rolled.
- Cost-Effectiveness: RORO reduces the need for expensive port infrastructure and simplifies the process, potentially lowering costs associated with cargo handling.
- Versatility: RORO ships can handle a wide range of vehicles and heavy equipment, making them versatile for different types of cargo.